KONTROVERSI PEMIKIRAN IGNAZ GOLDZIHER TENTANG HADIS: ANTARA KRITIK MUSLIM DAN HEGEMONI ORIENTALIS

Abstrak

Ignaz Goldziher's believed that hadiths did not genuinely originate from the Prophet. For him, hadiths largely reflected the political and social interests of early Muslim society during the first two centuries. This view later sparked a long debate between Western and Muslim scholars. Goldziher doubted the sanad system. He accused many hadiths of being engineered by those in power, including mass fabrication under the Umayyads. This paper reexamines Goldziher's arguments. The method used is a qualitative library study with a comparative-evaluative approach. The findings show that Goldziher's skepticism is methodologically weak. He focused too heavily on matn analysis while ignoring the sanad system that had already been documented since the time of the Companions. His accusation of mass fabrication by the Umayyads is also difficult to prove when we look at manuscript evidence from the first and second centuries AH. Thus, although Goldziher's critique has prompted healthy reflection in hadith studies, his broad generalizations cannot be accepted historically.